Legislative and Policy Analysis
Section 10107: National education and obesity prevention grant program
Plain-English Summary
Section 10107 ends the permanent mandatory funding stream for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Grant Program, commonly known as SNAP-Ed, after fiscal year 2025.[1] The section does this through a short statutory edit: it changes the Food and Nutrition Act so the program’s annual funding formula applies only “for each of fiscal years 2016 through 2025,” rather than “for fiscal year 2016 and each subsequent fiscal year.”[1]
In practical terms, this does not repeal every paragraph describing SNAP-Ed’s purposes, planning rules, eligible services, reporting requirements, or evaluation framework. Instead, it removes the automatic future funding that made those activities operate as an ongoing national grant program.[2] USDA has interpreted the change as ending required SNAP-Ed funding with the fiscal year 2025 grant allocation.[3]
What This Section Actually Does
| Topic | Before Section 10107 | After Section 10107 |
|---|---|---|
| Federal funding structure | USDA reserved mandatory SNAP funds each year for SNAP-Ed, adjusted annually after fiscal year 2016 by inflation.[2] | Mandatory funding is limited to fiscal years 2016 through 2025.[1] |
| State SNAP-Ed programs | States could submit nutrition education state plans and operate SNAP-Ed directly or through local partners.[2] | States may only continue with remaining fiscal year 2025 funds, alternative funding, or any future appropriations Congress separately provides.[3] |
| Federal reimbursement | SNAP-Ed grants were the only federal SNAP financial participation source for nutrition education and obesity prevention.[2] | USDA says SNAP-Ed services are not eligible for ordinary SNAP state administrative expenditure reimbursement beyond SNAP-Ed grant funds.[3] |
| Program scale | The Senate Agriculture section-by-section summary described the affected annual funding as $550 million.[5] | The 10-year federal spending reduction has been estimated at about 5.47 billion.[5] |
| Core legal text | Funding applied to fiscal year 2016 and “each subsequent fiscal year.”[1] | Funding applies only to fiscal years 2016 through 2025.[1] |
Core Legal Mechanism
Section 10107 is a funding cutoff, not a broad rewrite of nutrition education policy. The existing statute still describes eligible individuals, state plans, evidence-based uses, coordination with other nutrition programs, annual state reports, annual federal reports, technical assistance, and an information clearinghouse.[2] But without the continuing mandatory funding reservation, those operational provisions no longer have the same automatic funding engine after fiscal year 2025.[1]
flowchart TD
A[Food and Nutrition Act Section 28] --> B[SNAP-Ed statutory program rules]
B --> C[State nutrition education plans]
B --> D[Evidence-based nutrition and obesity prevention activities]
B --> E[Reports, evaluation, technical assistance]
A --> F[Mandatory annual funding formula]
F --> G[Pre-OBBBA: FY 2016 and each subsequent fiscal year]
F --> H[Section 10107 edit]
H --> I[Post-OBBBA: FY 2016 through FY 2025 only]
I --> J[No required mandatory SNAP-Ed funding after FY 2025]
Day-to-Day Government Process Changes
Section 10107 changes the daily work of USDA, state SNAP agencies, extension programs, public health departments, food banks, schools, and community organizations that use SNAP-Ed funding.
| Government function | Day-to-day change |
|---|---|
| USDA Food and Nutrition Service grant administration | USDA shifts from routine annual SNAP-Ed allocation and plan approval toward closeout, remaining-fund oversight, and technical assistance on the end of mandatory funding.[3] |
| State SNAP agency planning | States that spend remaining fiscal year 2025 funds in fiscal year 2026 must submit a fiscal year 2026 annual plan and budget to FNS.[3] |
| Grant closeout | States may notify FNS that they intend to close the fiscal year 2025 grant and return unexpended funds.[3] |
| Reporting | States that delivered fiscal year 2025 SNAP-Ed services must still submit annual reports; states spending remaining funds in fiscal year 2026 must also report on fiscal year 2026 services.[3] |
| Budgeting | State agencies must decide whether to end programs, bridge them with state or private funds, reduce scope, or rely on separate future appropriations if available.[3] |
| Partner contracts | States and implementing agencies may need to wind down or renegotiate agreements with universities, county extension offices, nonprofit organizations, food banks, health departments, and local contractors. |
| Data and evaluation | Reporting systems designed to measure nutrition education, policy, systems, and environmental changes may shrink or be repurposed as funded projects end.[2] |
Implementation Timeline
| Date or period | Expected process |
|---|---|
| July 4, 2025 | Public Law 119-21 is enacted.[1] |
| Fiscal year 2025 | Last mandatory SNAP-Ed grant allocation under the amended statutory formula.[1] |
| August 2025 | USDA asks states to notify FNS whether they will close fiscal year 2025 grants or submit plans to spend remaining funds in fiscal year 2026.[3] |
| September 30, 2026 | USDA guidance says states should expend all remaining SNAP-Ed funds by this date and return unexpended funds.[3] |
| January 31, 2026 and January 31, 2027 | Annual reports remain due for states that delivered fiscal year 2025 or fiscal year 2026 SNAP-Ed services, respectively.[3] |
| Fiscal year 2026 and after | No required mandatory SNAP-Ed funding remains unless Congress separately provides funds through another mechanism.[3] |
Consumer Impact
Consumers most directly affected are SNAP participants, people eligible for SNAP, school meal participants, and residents of low-income communities who received SNAP-Ed-supported nutrition education or community health programming.[2]
| Consumer group | Likely impact |
|---|---|
| SNAP households | Reduced access to classes, coaching, recipes, food budgeting guidance, healthy shopping support, and physical activity promotion funded by SNAP-Ed. |
| Low-income children and families | Potential loss of school, childcare, food pantry, and community-based nutrition programs aimed at improving healthy food choices and physical activity.[2] |
| Older adults and people with chronic disease risk | Fewer community programs focused on affordable healthy eating, food resource management, and diet-related disease prevention. |
| Rural and underserved communities | Larger effects where cooperative extension, public health, food bank, or tribal partners relied on SNAP-Ed funding to provide nutrition education. |
| Consumers using farmers markets or food access programs | Possible loss of outreach that helped eligible households connect with healthier foods, recipes, local produce, or food resource management tools. |
The impact is not a direct cut to monthly SNAP food benefits. Section 10107 does not itself reduce the Electronic Benefit Transfer amount loaded onto a household’s card. Its effect is on the education, outreach, prevention, and community-health side of SNAP, not the benefit allotment formula.[1]
Business and Local Economic Impact
Section 10107 can affect businesses and nonprofit contractors that participate in the SNAP-Ed delivery network.
| Business or organization type | Potential effect |
|---|---|
| Universities and cooperative extension systems | Loss of grant-funded staffing, county programming, evaluation work, and community partnerships. |
| Nonprofit organizations and food banks | Reduced funding for nutrition educators, cooking demonstrations, healthy pantry redesign, outreach, and evaluation. |
| Small food retailers and farmers markets | Less SNAP-Ed-supported technical assistance or promotion for healthy food access projects, depending on local program design. |
| Curriculum, translation, training, and evaluation vendors | Reduced demand for SNAP-Ed materials, data systems, training, reporting, and evaluation services. |
| Health systems and public health contractors | Fewer funded partnerships around obesity prevention and diet-related chronic disease prevention. |
Businesses that sell less nutritious foods are unlikely to face direct new restrictions from this section because Section 10107 does not regulate product sales, SNAP retailer eligibility, labeling, advertising, or nutrition standards. Its effect is fiscal and programmatic.
Environmental and Climate Impact
Section 10107 has no direct environmental permitting, emissions, energy, land-use, or climate regulation component. It does not amend the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, National Environmental Policy Act, conservation programs, forestry programs, or agricultural conservation incentives.
The environmental impact is therefore mostly indirect and local. SNAP-Ed has included policy, systems, and environmental change strategies, often called PSE strategies, that can support healthier food environments in places where people eat, learn, live, play, shop, and work.[6] USDA’s SNAP-Ed materials describe environmental-setting work as measuring changes in policies, systems, and environments at qualified sites and organizations.[6]
Potential indirect impacts include:
| Area | Possible environmental or climate relevance |
|---|---|
| Community gardens | Some SNAP-Ed projects supported community gardens or garden education; ending funding could reduce local gardening support where those projects depended on SNAP-Ed.[7] |
| Farmers markets and local food access | Some PSE examples include farmers market systems changes; reduced support may weaken local healthy-food access partnerships in some communities.[7] |
| Food pantries and institutional food settings | SNAP-Ed-supported healthy food environment changes may have influenced procurement, display, pantry choice models, or nutrition supports.[6] |
| Food waste and household food management | Nutrition education can include food planning, budgeting, storage, and preparation skills; losing these services may reduce household-level support for efficient food use, though climate effects are not quantified in the statute. |
| Transportation and physical activity | Some SNAP-Ed strategies promote physical activity supports, but the section does not itself change transportation funding or built-environment rules.[6] |
The strongest conclusion is that Section 10107 has a low direct climate impact but a potentially meaningful indirect local food-system impact in communities where SNAP-Ed funds supported gardens, farmers markets, food pantry redesign, school wellness partnerships, or other healthy-food environment projects.
Equity and Public Health Considerations
The original SNAP-Ed statute targets eligible individuals including SNAP participants, people eligible through certain child nutrition programs, people living in communities with significant low-income populations, and other low-income individuals determined eligible by USDA.[2] Ending the mandatory funding stream therefore concentrates program loss among lower-income households and communities.
Public health effects will vary by state and locality. States with alternative state, philanthropic, university, or public health funding may preserve some services. States and counties that depended heavily on federal SNAP-Ed grants may experience sharper reductions in nutrition education staffing, community programming, and evaluation.
Practical Bottom Line
Section 10107 ends the automatic federal funding stream for SNAP-Ed after fiscal year 2025. It leaves much of the statutory program architecture in place but removes the mandatory money that made the national program operate year after year. For government agencies, the main change is a shift from annual grant administration to closeout, transition planning, and possible program termination. For consumers, the change means less access to nutrition education, food budgeting, healthy cooking, physical activity promotion, and community-level healthy food environment programs. For businesses and community partners, the change may mean lost contracts, reduced staffing, and fewer partnerships with universities, nonprofits, food retailers, food banks, farmers markets, and local health organizations. Environmental and climate effects are not direct, but local food-system and community garden projects may be affected where they were supported by SNAP-Ed.
Key References and Sourcing
| Source | Relevance |
|---|---|
| Public Law 119-21, One Big Beautiful Bill Act | Primary statutory text for Section 10107 and the amendment to the Food and Nutrition Act. |
| 7 U.S.C. 2036a, Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Grant Program | Current codified statute showing SNAP-Ed eligibility, plans, allowable uses, reporting, funding, and federal reimbursement limits. |
| USDA FNS SNAP-Ed Questions and Answers | USDA implementation guidance on ending required SNAP-Ed funding, remaining fiscal year 2025 funds, plans, reporting, and closeout. |
| USDA FNS OBBB Implementation Page | Official USDA hub for implementation memoranda and guidance related to OBBBA SNAP provisions. |
| Senate Agriculture Committee Section-by-Section Summary | Committee summary describing Section 10107 as eliminating $550 million in annual funding after fiscal year 2025. |
| Federal Funds Information for States SNAP Summary | Secondary fiscal summary identifying estimated savings from expiration of the nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program. |
| USDA SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework | Explains SNAP-Ed evaluation, evidence-informed indicators, and collaboration among state agencies, land-grant universities, public health departments, and implementing agencies. |
| USDA SNAP-Ed Environmental Settings Framework | Supports analysis of policy, systems, and environmental change work in SNAP-Ed settings. |
| USDA SNAP-Ed Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change Resource | Supports discussion of SNAP-Ed’s role in changing community environments to make healthy choices more accessible. |
[1] U.S. Government Publishing Office, “Public Law 119-21—One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” Section 10107, https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/119/public/21.
[2] Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives, “7 U.S.C. 2036a: Nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program,” https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?edition=prelim&num=0&req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title7-section2036a.
[3] USDA Food and Nutrition Service, “Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Grant Program (SNAP-Ed) Questions and Answers,” implementation guidance for Section 10107, https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap-ed/grant-qas.
[4] USDA Food and Nutrition Service, “One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025,” official implementation resources hub, https://www.fns.usda.gov/obbb.
[5] Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, “Section-by-Section,” summary of Section 10107 funding effect, https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/senate_anf_section_by_section_final.pdf; Federal Funds Information for States, “One Big Beautiful Bill Act: Nutrition Provisions Affecting SNAP,” fiscal estimate for Section 10107, https://eohhs.ri.gov/sites/g/files/xkgbur226/files/2025-08/FFIS%20-%20SNAP%20%282025%29.pdf.
[6] USDA Food and Nutrition Service, “SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework and Interpretive Guide,” evaluation and program framework, https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/administration/evaluation-framework; USDA Food and Nutrition Service, “Environmental Settings – Evaluation Framework,” https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/administration/framework/Environmental-Settings-level.
[7] USDA Food and Nutrition Service, “Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change,” SNAP-Ed resource on community health and environmental change strategies, https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/resources/policy-systems-environmental-change.
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